Mauterndorf (Southern Bavarian: Mautndorf) is a market town of the Tamsweg District in the Austrian state of Salzburg.

It is located in the centre of the Salzburg Lungau region, in the valley of the Southern Taurach River, a tributary of the Mur rising at the Radstädter Tauern Pass.

The settlement arose from a Roman castra in the Noricum province, at the mountain road from Teurnia to the Radstädter Tauern Pass and Iuvavum (Salzburg).

From the 15th century, the fortress was significantly enlarged as a stronghold at the behest of the archbishops Burkhard Weisbriach and Leonhard von Keutschach.

Mauterndorf received access to the Mur Valley Railway in October 1894, as the western terminus of the narrow gauge line leading to Tamsweg and Murau in Styria.