The Maxwell's duiker (Philantomba maxwellii) is a small antelope found in western Africa.

[8] Theodor Haltenorth has considered this species to be a race of the blue duiker due to their identical features.

[5][6] In 2012, Anne R. Johnston (of the University of Orleans) and colleagues constructed a cladogram of the subfamily Cephalophinae (duiker), that includes the three genera Cephalophus, Philantomba and Sylvicapra, based on mitochondrial analysis.

Marc Colyn (of the University of Rennes 1) and colleagues, who had discovered this species in 2010, had prepared a similar cladogram that included it.

[13] In P. m. maxwelli, the skull measurements tend to increase from east to west between Togo and Liberia, though this trend is not observed in the eastern and western extremes of the range.

[7][10][12] The Maxwell duiker prefers areas with fresh and dense growth of shrubs and other plants.

It inhabits the warm, moist lowland forests prevalent in western African countries such as Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo.

[2][14] The Maxwell duiker's diet mostly consists of fruits, seeds, secondary vegetation and shrubs.

[15] Maxwell's duiker has a preorbital gland known to be used for marking objects and members of the same species, especially by dominant males.

It was shown that scent marking is also associated with individual recognition or social appeasement as male and females will often press these glands together on both sides of each other's faces.