May Laws

Quotas were enacted, limiting the number of Jews admitted to high schools and universities and their overall population percentage.

Many towns in the Pale with a significant Jewish population resulted in half-empty schools and many potential students forbidden to enroll.

[1] In the spring of 1891, most Jews were deported from Moscow (except a few deemed "useful") and a newly built synagogue was closed by the city's authorities, headed by governor-general Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich, the Tsar's brother.

[3] Those laws remained in effect until 1917 and, together with the steady anti-Jewish riots known as pogroms, provided the impetus for mass emigration from Russia.

Most Russian Jewish emigrants settled in the United States or Argentina, though some immigrated to Palestine, then a province of the Ottoman Empire.