As Mayiladuthurai District is situated in East Coast, fishing plays a vital role on generating its revenue.

Mayiladuthurai serves as an important junction in main line connecting Chennai with Trichy.

There is a statue depicting goddess Amman in a peahen form worshipping lingam, an iconic symbol of Shiva.

[4] Mayiladuthurai is of significant antiquity, its oldest extant temples dating to the time of the Medieval Cholas.

Sherds of megalithic black and red ware have been found at Akkur, 14 km (8.7 mi) to the east of Mayiladuthurai.

[5] In 2006, artifacts with Indus Valley signs dated between 2000 and 1500 BC were found at the nearby village of Sembiyankandiyur.

[11] Mayiladuthurai prospered under British rule emerging as an important town in Tanjore district.

Carnatic musicians Madurai Mani Iyer and Gopalakrishna Bharathi and Samuel Vedanayagam Pillai, who wrote the first Tamil novel Prathapa Mudaliar Charithram were connected with Mayiladuthurai while Tamil writer Kalki Krishnamurthy, M.S.Udhaya Moorthy studied at the Municipal High School in Mayiladuthurai.

The famous Parimala Ranganatha Perumal temple is situated at Tiruindalur, which lies North of Cauvery river.

The functions of the municipality is devolved into six departments: General, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, Town planning and the Computer Wing.

[32][33] The current Member of Parliament from the constituency is S. Ramalingam of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party.

[34] A total of 7.50 MLD are pumped out every day from five water tanks located in various parts of the town.

[34] About 104 metric tonnes of solid waste is generated everyday, while 85 metric tonnes are collected from the town every day by door-to-door collection and subsequently the source segregation and dumping is carried out by the sanitary department of the municipality.

[28] As per the religious census of 2011, Mayiladuthurai had 88.69% Hindus, 6.38% Muslims, 4.19% Christians, 0.04% Sikhs, 0.03% Buddhists, 0.32% Jains and 0.35% following other religions.

[50] Confectioneries, printing presses, vehicle manufacturing units and rice mills are the major industries in Mayiladuthurai.

The newly constructed Muttam bridge provides connectivity to Kattumannarkoil which at the distance of 28 km in the north and considerably reduce the travel time to northern districts and Chennai.

[60][61][dead link‍] It has a total of 12 bus bays and rated class B as it has basic restaurant, toilet and lighting facilities.New bustand construction work started.

[59] There are also regular services to other South Indian cities like Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai and Pondicherry.

[59] Mayiladuthurai forms a part of the Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation which is headquartered at Kumbakonam.

Mayiladuthurai Junction railway station is located on the Main line connecting the state capital Chennai with Tiruchirappali.

There are lines from Mayiladuthurai - Karaikudi via Thiruvarur, making it one of the major junctions in Central region.

[63] There are passenger trains that connects Mayiladuthurai with Thanjavur, Tiruchirapalli, Thiruvarur, Nagapattinam[64] Chidambaram, Cuddalore and Viluppuram.

The Kadai Muzhukku, a famous festival of holy bath, is organised at the Tulakattam Kaveri river ghat during the month of Ippasi.

[69][70] The Navagraha temples in Tamil Nadu, Poombuhar, Tharangambadi, Pichavaram mangrove forest, Tirumullaivasal, Palaiyar and Karaikkal are the most prominent tourist attractions located around the town.