The district is situated in the fertile Cauvery Delta region, known for its lush agricultural lands, ancient temples, and vibrant traditions.

[18] The district is characterized by its flat terrain and is crisscrossed by numerous distributaries of the Kaveri River, making it agriculturally rich.

The district also has the wide costal area of around 70.9 km starting from Tharangambadi to Pazhaiyar situated along the coast of Bay of Bengal.

Mayiladuthurai, historically[23][24][25] known as Mayuram or Mayurapuram,[26] has a rich cultural and religious heritage dating back over a thousand years and was part of the ancient Chola Kingdom.

The region was ruled by various dynasties, including the Cholas, Pandyas, and Vijayanagara Empires, each leaving their mark on the culture and architecture of the area.

Mayiladuthurai has been a significant center for Tamil literature, music, spirituality,and local literary luminaries like Kambar and Kalki Krishnamurthy contributing to its cultural legacy.

Thillaiyadi Valliammai,[50][51][52][53] his devoted disciple, played a crucial role in supporting Gandhiji's efforts in South Africa, assisting the victims of injustice.

In recognition of her unwavering dedication, the Tamil Nadu government constructed a memorial[54] honoring her sacrifices and contributions.

Poompuhar, also known as Kaveripoompattinam, is an ancient port[55][56]city in Tamil Nadu near Mayiladuthurai, celebrated for its historical significance as a thriving trade hub and its mention in Sangam literature, reflecting the glorious maritime heritage of the Chola dynasty.

The district has five blocks, namely Mayiladuthurai, Kuthalam, Sirkali, Kollidam and Sembanorkoil, comprising 241 village panchayats.

[59][60] FY 2024-2025[61] Samba season around 85,400[62] tonnes of paddy has been procured from the farmers by the civil supply authorities which was the third highest contributer among the Delta Districts.

This project, which falls on a major railway line section, is considered one of the most highly anticipated infrastructural developments in the region.

With the upcoming Lok Sabha elections drawing nearer, the demand for this crucial upgrade has gained significant attention, reflecting its importance to the daily travel and connectivity needs of people in the Delta region.

This road connects Mayiladuthurai District to the major cities and towns of Tamil Nadu and offers travellers a scenic route along the eastern coast of India.

[82] Mayiladuthurai District is a cultural hotspot, known for its vibrant festivals and traditional arts, particularly the Navagraha temples which are significant in Hindu astrology.

It attracts participants and spectators from across Tamil Nadu and foregin visitors, including over a hundred horse and bullock cart racers.

The Rekla Race is a vibrant celebration of rural culture and tradition, drawing widespread attention for its historical significance and competitive spirit.

Key attractions include: The district boasts a rich history in the education sector, spanning over 500 years.

It is involved in publishing Saivite literature, including works like the Thevaram and Tiruvasakam, and has been associated with prominent Tamil literary figures.

The mutt's influence extends beyond religious practices, contributing significantly to the preservation and promotion of Tamil traditions and culture.

Healthcare facilities are provided through government hospitals, primary health centers, and private clinics, ensuring access to medical services for the population.

[103] Healthcare facilities are provided through government hospitals, primary health centers, and private clinics[104], ensuring access to medical services for the population.

Periyar Government District Head Quarters Hospital at Mayiladuthurai provides a wide range of medical services, including emergency care, Accident emergency care, surgery, maternity services, and outpatient consultations, serving as a primary healthcare provider for numerous villages and towns around Mayiladuthurai.

[105] The Mayiladuthurai Junction is a major railway station on the Chennai-Tiruchirappalli main line, providing easy access to other parts of Tamil Nadu and India.