The McConnell–Laubach orthography is the revised form of a previously proposed orthographic system for Haitian Creole.
[1][2] In 1940, a Protestant missionaries H. Ormonde and Primrose McConnell developed and proposed the first widely recognized phonemic system of writing for the Haitian Creole language.
[4] This original writing system contained 33 symbols: Oral Vowels: a, è, é, i, o, ò, u Nasal Vowels: â, ê, ô Semi-Vowels: i/y, w, u Consonants: b, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, z Digraphs: sh, gn [1] American missionary Frank Laubach was not a speaker of Creole, though he was an expert in literacy.
More linguistically, he also heavily criticized the lack of front-rounded vowels, and was concerned that the method of transcribing nasal vowels could make it difficult for Haitians to learn French; something that he attributed to McConnell and Laubach's unfamiliarity with the French language and orthography.
[1][5] In 1946, Pressoir and L. Faublas, the Haitian minister of education, responded with their own revised version of the McConnell–Laubach orthography, making several substantial changes in favor of "Frenchifying" the writing system.