The Provençal fritillary (Melitaea deione) is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.

The range extends from the Iberian Peninsula to southern France and the Alps in Switzerland and Italy.

In spite of its great similarity to athalia, this South-West European form is considered specifically distinct, particularly, it seems, because the wings are more elongate and there occur in South France and Spain also forms of athalia with which dejone is not identical.

Perhaps the insect will in future be proved to be a local or seasonal form of one of the allied species.

There are three subspecies: In Greek mythology Deione, is the name given to Demeter's daughter, Persephone.