In 1388, the Hongwu Emperor established contact with three tribes of the Jianzhou Jurchens, the Odoli, Huligai and Tuowen and attempted to enlist them as allies against the Mongols.
There was a general migration south of the various Jurchen groups around the start of the 15th century and the three tribes established themselves around the Tumen River (near the modern border of China, Russia and North Korea).
Ahacu (阿哈出), later also known as Li Sicheng (李思誠), chief of the Huligai, became commander of the Jianzhou Wei (建州衛) in 1403, named after a Yuan Dynasty political unit in the area.
Möngke Temür of the Odoli became leader of the Jianzhou Left Wei (建州左衛) and accepted the Chinese surname of Tóng (童) not long afterward.
With the threat of retaliatory invasions of the Mongols and the growing dominance of Möngke Temür, Li Manzhu, and his followers, who numbered more than six thousand were forced to leave Fengzhou and head back to Womuho in 1423.
On November 30, 1433, Möngke Temür and his son Agu were killed in a riot led by Yang Mutawuta, a Jurchen battalion commander from a different tribe in the area of Kaiyuan.