Metamorphic testing

Any inconsistency (after taking rounding errors into consideration) indicates a failure[1]: 31  of the program, caused by a fault[1]: 31  in the implementation.

Based on a metamorphic relation, we may filter the price range or star rating and apply the search again; it should return a subset of the previous results.

Some examples include web services,[3] computer graphics,[4] embedded systems,[5] simulation and modeling,[6] machine learning,[7] decision support,[8] bioinformatics,[9] components,[10] numerical analysis,[11] and compilers.

[15] MT can be applied independently, and can also be combined with other static and dynamic software analysis techniques such as proving and debugging.

[16] In August 2018, Google acquired GraphicsFuzz, a startup from Imperial College London, to apply metamorphic testing to graphics device drivers for Android smartphones.