Metellina segmentata

[1] It is primarily found in Europe, with the highest number in the United Kingdom, but the species has also been introduced to Canada.

Adults can be found from August to October, and they prefer open habitats on the edges of woods or gardens), likely because they are amongst the most frequent orb-weaving spiders.

[2] Similar to most tetragnathid spiders, the web has no threads at its center, and they are built relatively low above the ground.

Most of the time, the spider sits at the center of the web, but sometimes they retreat to hide at the edge and sense prey with the help of a signaling thread.

[1] Metellina segmentata has yellow, red, and orange colors on their abdomen with a black fork-like mark in the center of the carapace.

[3] Males tend to have longer legs and a bigger prosoma, but females have a larger opisthosoma because the eggs are produced and carried in this organ.

[1] These spiders are known to prefer low, bushy habitats, although some occupy areas heavily covered in branches and leaves that offer extra protection.

The bigger spiders will reside in higher quality areas that have good lighting and decent wind passage.

These include window corners and bushes where lighting and prey capture is relatively low.

For example, some spiders create their webs in low bushy areas that are open, and there is a lot of wind eddies.

Naturally, female spiders tend to accumulate in areas with high prey yields.

[2] This process is very similar to the slightly smaller Metellina mengei, and the two can only be discerned by comparing genital features.

After the spiders hatch from their eggs, spiderlings can mature anytime from five to ten molts.

This results in females becoming bigger than males and the sexual dimorphism increases every generation.

The evolutionary purpose of the sexual dimorphism is that bigger females were selected for so that they could carry more eggs and therefore pass on more genes through their offspring.

As organisms want to pass on as many genes as possible, males choose bigger females as they possess better fecundity.

The males wait for the arrival of a big enough prey in order to reduce their chances of being cannibalized.

Sometimes, males will attempt to mate prior to a large enough prey being caught or courtship.

This can sometimes lead to copulation, although the chance of the female cannibalizing the male, in this case, increases greatly.

In some cases, males must wait for days and even weeks for a large enough prey to be caught in the web.

If the male is displaced early in the mating season, he has a good likelihood that he can find another female.

Web turnovers are fairly common at the beginning of the mating season, but they gradually decrease as time passes.

Furthermore, resident females generally have a greater advantage during fights unless there is a great size disparity.

In these cases, alternative mating strategies only work when the reproductive benefits outweigh the costs.

On the other hand, males with greater than 2.6mm cephalothoraxes are generally expected to have higher mating success in high-quality areas.

In lower-quality habitats, moderately sized males can mate with low-quality females with virtual certainty.

Studies have shown most male Metellina segmentata are risk-prone and choose high-quality areas that offer low chances of mating but potentially high rewards.

There have been no known cases of a Metellina Segmentata biting human beings despite their prevalence in human-populated areas.

Metellina segmentata
Metellina segmentata suspended on its web