Christianity is said to have come to Boeotia with Apostle Paul and Luke the Evangelist in 56/57 AD, who are said to have installed the first local bishop, Saint Rufus.
He came to be regarded as the patron saint of Thebes, the capital of Boeotia, and his remains were interred in the city's cathedral.
[3] Le Quien also lists Julius at the Synod of Sardica in 344; Anysius at the Council of Ephesus in 431; Architimus in 458; Marcianus in 867.
However, based on the Notitiae Episcopatuum, the see had been elevated to an archbishopric by 906, possibly connected to the city becoming the capital of the theme of Hellas, occupying the 30th place among the archdioceses of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.
[5] Under Ottoman rule, the Metropolis of Thebes ranked 37th among 72 metropolitan sees of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.