Despite modern use of the name Canada, the ecclesiastical province covers only the former territory of Lower Canada (i.e., southern and eastern Quebec), the Maritimes, and Newfoundland and Labrador.
On election, this bishop then becomes archbishop of his or her diocese and metropolitan of the province.
David Edwards, the Bishop of Fredericton, became the metropolitan of the Province of Canada in 2020.
From 1861 until 1870 the Bishop of Montreal served as metropolitan over the four dioceses of the then Province of Canada (i.e., Upper and Lower Canada – modern Ontario and Quebec).
The province expanded in 1870 and 1871 to include New Brunswick and Nova Scotia.