From 1969 to 1977, he held a number of senior positions in the federal government, including Deputy Secretary at the U.S. Department of Labor, director of the Council on Wage and Price Stability, Assistant Secretary for Policy Development and Research at the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, and senior staff economist with the Council of Economic Advisers.

In 1977, Moskow joined the private sector at Esmark in Chicago and later held senior management positions at Northwest Industries, Dart & Kraft, and Premark International.

In this role, he was responsible for trade negotiations with Japan, China, and Southeast Asian countries, as well as oversight of industries such as steel, semiconductors, and aircraft.

Since leaving his position at the Federal Reserve, Moskow joined the boards of directors of Discover Financial Services, Commonwealth Edison (a subsidiary of Exelon), the National Futures Association, Northern Funds (2008-2013), Taylor Capital Group (2008-2014), and Diamond Management & Technology Consultants (2008-2010).

He is a member of the advisory boards to the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Edgewater Funds, and Promontory Financial Group.