Michèle Vergne (born August 29, 1943, in L’Isle-Adam, Val d´Oise) is a French mathematician, specializing in analysis and representation theory.

Michèle Vergne studied from 1962 to 1966 at the École Normal Supérieure de jeunes filles, which today is part of the ENS.

She wrote her diploma thesis in 1966 with Claude Chevalley, entitled "Variété des algèbres de Lie nilpotentes" and her doctoral thesis in 1971 under the supervision of Jacques Dixmier ("Recherches sur les groupes et les algèbres de Lie") at the University of Paris.

Further, she studied the index theory of elliptic differential operators and generalizations of this to equivariant cohomology.

In 1992, she gave a plenary lecture at the first European Congress of Mathematics in Paris (Cohomologie equivariante et formules de carácteres).