Issues including unjust taxation and a growing population caused the freeholders living in the northern section of Newport to petition the General Assembly for independence.

Today, the community boasts a strong business district that relies heavily on Naval Station Newport and defense industries.

Middletown also maintains its "small-town charm" with scenic vistas of the Atlantic Ocean, world-class beaches, hiking trails and open spaces.

Today most of the developed land is located towards the western part of the town, while what is left of its rural heritage is primarily towards the east.

The census-designated place of Newport East and part of the Melville CDP lie within the town boundaries.

Middletown is home to Sachuest Point National Wildlife Refuge, as well as public two beaches and a myriad of open space and recreational opportunities:[4] Parks in Middletown include:[5] The town is governed by a seven-member Town Council, elected at-large in non-partisan elections.

Middletown forms part of Rhode Island's 1st congressional district, represented by Democrat Gabe Amo.

The 12th Rhode Island Senate district, which also includes parts of Newport, Little Compton and Tiverton, is held by Democrat Louis P. DiPalma.

The town is also home to the Middletown Islanders hockey, football, baseball, volleyball, and lacrosse teams.