Taube's father was Alexander Ferdinandovich, a graduate of the Petersburg State Transport University and his mother was Anna (born Butorova).

His brother,Alexander: a Lieutenant-General of the Russian Imperial Army, who after the revolution in Russia, being popular among soldier, was elected to represent them in local government.

The other brothers: Colonel Jacob was murdered during Bolshevic uprising in St. Petersburg,1918; Colonel Boris served in Volunteer ("White") Army under general Miller, emigrated and lived in France; State Counsellor Sergei, a railway engineer, remained in the Soviet Union and was recognized as a distinguished engineer.

Baron Michael Taube married in 1897, spouse Raisa Vladimirovna Rogal-Katchura, from whom he had three daughters and a son.

Continued his work at the university starting December 1, 1891, to prepare for a professorship, Department of International Law.

Taube was Deputy Director of the Second Department of the MFA (from 1905), then Adviser (from 1907) and permanent member of the Council of the Ministry.

In 1914, a few weeks before the start of the First World War, persuaded the Russian government to withdraw from the German banks.

Taube was a close associate of the minister Lev Kasso and supported conservative political views.

On many occasions he spoke in the State Duma (Russian Empire), for example on the allocation of the Kingdom of Poland in the Chelm province in 1912, as well as other topics.

Author of scientific papers on the origin of the Russian state and the baptism of Rus, Russia and the relationship with Catholic Church.

Taube was also a memoirist and actively preparing to sign the International Covenant on Cultural and historical values (Roerich Pact and Banner of Peace) in the late 1920s early 1930s in Europe and the United States, which was signed in the United States on April 15, 1935, and based in The Hague.

After the Russian revolution, since 1917 Taube lived in exile, and was a member of the Special Committee for Russia in Finland (1918).

On December 1, 1951 Taube took part in the Central Commission for genealogy establishing measures and legal documentation, court estate arbitration, general registration of noble families, the Russian edition of the lists of titled and untitled nobility, focusing on the history and genealogy of the Baltic and Russian nobility.