It was an important ritual centre for the great ceremonies conducted by the indigenous inhabitants.
The Yan-nhangu-speaking Yolngu people are the traditional owners of Milingimbi and its surrounding seas and islands.
After the war, the island continued to be used as a Royal Australian Air Force base, before the missionaries returned in 1951.
Bilingual education continues on some of the surrounding outstations, run by traditional owners concerned to support the linguistic, cultural and biological diversity of the Crocodile Islands.
The island also has its own ALPA (Arnhem Land Progress Aboriginal Corporation) store, post office and an art gallery.