Mine Hill was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 2, 1923, from portions of Randolph, based on the results of a referendum held on May 8, 1923.

The family of Mahlon Dickerson, who was New Jersey's 7th Governor, owned the Dickerson Mine, which was the largest ore mine in the area, supplying much of the iron ore used during the American Revolutionary War.

[1][2] The township is at an elevation of 863 feet (263 m) above sea level for the administrative center.

[24] The township borders the Morris County municipalities of Dover, Randolph, Roxbury and Wharton.

[25][26][27] The 2010 United States census counted 3,651 people, 1,329 households, and 977 families in the township.

[32] At the 2000 United States census,[14] there were 3,679 people, 1,365 households and 1,041 families residing in the township.

[30][31] Mine Hill Township is governed within the Faulkner Act system of New Jersey municipal government, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under Mayor-Council (Plan E), enacted as of January 1, 1980, based on the recommendations of a Charter Study Commission.

[6][35] As of 2023[update], the Mayor of Mine Hill Township is Republican Sam Morris, whose term of office ends December 31, 2023.

[3][36][37][38][39][40][41] Dover serves as the lead agency operating a joint municipal court that also serves the neighboring municipalities of Mine Hill Township, Mount Arlington, Victory Gardens and Wharton.

[42] Established in 2009, the joint municipal court was forecast to offer annual savings in excess of $250,000 over the 10-year life of the agreement.

[45][46][47] Prior to the 2010 Census, Mine Hill Township had been part of the 11th Congressional District, a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.

[48] For the 119th United States Congress, New Jersey's 7th congressional district is represented by Thomas Kean Jr. (R, Westfield).

[50] For the 2024-2025 session, the 25th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Anthony M. Bucco (R, Boonton Township) and in the General Assembly by Christian Barranco (R, Jefferson Township) and Aura K. Dunn (R, Mendham Borough).

[52] Actual day-to-day operation of departments is supervised by County Administrator Deena Leary.

[102] U.S. Route 46 is the main highway serving Mine Hill Township.

[107] People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Mine Hill Township include: