Ming was born in Suizhou (today Sui County, Hubei) in a farmer family.
In 1353 he joined the Red Turbans, a rebel group led by Xu Shouhui.
In 1360, Xu was killed by Chen Youliang, so Ming left his group and proclaimed himself King of Longshu (隴蜀王).
Two years later, he proclaimed himself Emperor of Great Xia in Chongqing, with the era name of "Tiantong" (天統).
The Korean official Yun Hui-chong's daughter married Ming Sheng in March 1373.