The Ministry of Education and Science (Kyrgyz: Кыргыз Республикасынын Билим берүү жана илим министрлиги, Russian: Министерство образования и науки Киргизской Республики) of Kyrgyzstan is the ministry of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic charged with regulating and promoting the educational and scientific work in the country.

As the direct successor of the People's Commissariat of Education of the Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, established in 1927, the ministry is one of the oldest state institutions of Kyrgyzstan.

Between 1927 and 1930, Kyrgyz linguist, politician and poet Kasym Tynystanov served as the first Commissar of Education of the Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic and head of the committee for the creation of the new Kyrgyz Alphabet during the period of latinisation in the Soviet Union.

[1] At the time, wider project of national delimitation in the Soviet Union led to the promotion of the establishment of modern state institutions and the local system of education in national written languages in Soviet Central Asia.

[2] In 2009 the ministry introduced Bologna Process reform which in subsequent years led all public universities in the country to introduce standardized and internationally comparable division of educational qualifications into bachelor's and master's degree structure and a credit-hour based system.