The Ministry of Supervision of the People's Republic of China (MOS) was a Cabinet-level department of the State Council responsible for maintaining an efficient, disciplined, clean and honest government, and educate public servants about their duty and discipline.

Many of its operations were merged with the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Chinese Communist Party in 1993, meaning that the two institutions were effectively combined into a single body with mostly overlapping staff and jurisdiction.

The ministry was reestablished in July 1987 by the Sixth National People's Congress.

[1] In March 2018, the Ministry was one of three state agencies (along with the National Bureau of Corruption Prevention, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate's General Administration of Anti-Corruption and Bribery) which merged with a communist party body (the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection) the form the National Supervisory Commission.

[2]: 57 The Minister of Supervision usually also served as the Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party.