In 1579, the names Micquetõ and Micquelle appeared for the first time in French Basque mariner Martin de Hoyarçabal's maritime pilot.

[3][6] Located in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, west of Newfoundland's Burin Peninsula, Miquelon-Langlade covers a total land area of 205 km2 (79 sq mi).

A tombolo sandspit called La Dune connects Miquelon and Langlade, that formed in the 18th century that is 12 km (7.5 mi) long and 6 to 100 m (20 to 328 ft) wide.

The island of Saint Pierre is across a treacherous and foggy 6 km (3.7 mi) strait that fishermen named "The Mouth of Hell" (French: La Gueule de L'Enfer) that has been the site of more than 600 shipwrecks.

[3][9] Miquelon's coastline includes numerous sand and pebble beaches enclosing lagoons, as well as high rocky cliffs standing up to 25 m (82 ft) on the east coast.

[5] Located at 3 mi (4.8 km) west of Saint Pierre Island, Langlade is an ancient peneplain drained by numerous short rivers, including the Belle, the largest, which flows to the northwest.

The climate is typical of the North Atlantic and the Labrador Current, with frequent storms and winds that exceed 60 km/h (37 mph) for nearly six months of the year.

The government high school / sixth-form programmes serving Miquelon are at Lycée-Collège d'État Émile Letournel on Saint-Pierre island.

[19][20] At Miquelon village other facilities include (as of 2024):[19] At Anse du Gouvernement on Langlade as of 2024, there is a bar, ferry station, grocery store, health care point, public restroom and restaurant, as well as the Sainte-Thérèse Roman Catholic chapel and the Centre de vacances de Langlade summer camp.