From 1938, he was involved with the NKVD troika and served as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR, before becoming People's Commissar (Minister) for Internal Affairs, a position he held until 1950.

Upon completing his postgraduate studies, he received the titles of docent (associate professor) and senior researcher in the field of agricultural organization and returned to Baku.

In September 1934, he was promoted to the ranks of Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan, where he worked as an instructor in the agricultural department for higher education institutions.

[3] In June 1936, Mir Teymur Yagubov was elected First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Leninist Young Communist League of Azerbaijan, a position he held until March 1938.

On February 13, 1938, he was appointed as a member of the Special Troika of the NKVD for the Azerbaijan SSR by the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks).

During World War II, he oversaw special operations to identify Soviet Azerbaijani soldiers who had served in the Nazi military.

At the September 1953 plenary session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Yagubov faced significant opposition, with his speeches being met with sarcastic remarks from Vyacheslav Molotov and Lazar Kaganovich.

[5] In January 1954, a group of CPSU Central Committee members visited Baku to assess the situation and prepare a report for Nikita Khrushchev.

The report gave a highly negative assessment of Yagubov's and Teymur Guliyev's leadership, citing their failure to pay adequate attention to agricultural development and their detachment from party and Soviet activists, whom they failed to engage with effectively.

The decision was based on accusations that he had engaged in criminal, anti-party, and anti-state activities, directly participated in the repression of Soviet citizens, and violated socialist principles.