His career was deeply influenced by Azerbaijani theatrical figures, Najaf bey Vezirov and Jahangir Zeynalov [az], and his first role was that of Shahmar bey in "Musibeti Fakhraddin" by N. Vezirov.

In 1906-1907, M. A. Aliyev headed the "Hamiyyat" theatrical group, which made shows mostly in industrial districts.

In 1912-1916, he made several shows in cities along Volga River, Tiflis, Erivan, and various towns in Iran and Turkey.

His most classical role was the character of Isgandar in "The Dead Men" ("Ölülər") satirical comedy by Jalil Mammadguluzade, performed in Baku in 1916.

Aliyev was also known as a cinema actor, and played in "In the name of God" ("Bismillah"), "Haji Gara", "The Game of Love" ("Məhəbbət Oyunu"), "The Diamond" ("Almaz"), "The Lights of Baku" ("Bakının İşıqları") and several other films.