Mixedwood stand

[1] Uncertainties of the definition, extent, and potential of mixedwood types necessitate the placement of some mensurational bounds on the subject of mixedwood management, especially the distribution and component sub-types, age classes, advance growth, productivity, and rotation ages.

[3] Silvicultural treatments have generally been aimed at promoting white spruce, primarily through plantation establishment and management.

[5] Depending on seed source and seedbed conditions, recruitment of white spruce may begin relatively soon after disturbance or may be spread over many decades.

Depending on site conditions and availability of equipment, disk trenching, double disking, blading, ripper, or Marttiini plowing, Bracke spot scarification, high-speed mixing, or spot mounding are used.

In the early years after clearcutting, site preparation and planting, shade-intolerant vegetation, such as aspen, Calamagrostis canadensis, and green alder compete strongly with the young outplants, frequently causing death.