Model-Informed Precision Dosing (MIPD for short) is the use of pharmacometric models with computer software to optimize drug dosage for an individual patient.
[1] Developed in the late 1960s under the impetus of clinical pharmacologists such as Lewis Sheiner and Roger Jelliffe, these approaches involve applying the equations and parameters describing a drug's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to define the best dosage regimen for a given individual, likely to produce circulating concentrations associated with maximum efficacy and minimum toxicity.
Models typically take into account the patient's demographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity), clinical profile (e.g., body measurements, renal and hepatic function, comorbidities, co-medications, dietary habits, substances use) and possibly genetic factors (e.g., polymorphisms affecting cytochromes or drug transporters).
Prescribers are expected to make increasingly regular use of model-driven precision dosing tools for patient treatment and follow-up.
This optimization of dose selection is especially desirable for drugs with narrow therapeutic index (i.e. effective concentration close to toxic ones).