Model-based reasoning

In artificial intelligence, model-based reasoning refers to an inference method used in expert systems based on a model of the physical world.

Then at run time, an "engine" combines this model knowledge with observed data to derive conclusions such as a diagnosis or a prediction.

From a mathematical point of view, a declarative model has much in common with the situation calculus as a logical formalization for describing a system.

[6] From a more practical perspective, a declarative model means, that the system is simulated with a game engine.

Pioneers of Nouvelle AI have argued, that symbolic models are separated from underlying physical systems and they fail to control robots.

Such a system doesn't need a symbolic model but the actions are connected direct to sensor signals which are grounded in reality.