On his return to Brazil, a few years later, he obtained a doctorate in Germanic letters from the University of São Paulo, and eventually became a professor there.
From 2000, he worked as a visiting professor at the Department of Literary Theory at the Faculty of Letters at USP.
Carone is best known as being the premier translator of Franz Kafka into the Brazilian Portuguese language.
He began the task with Metamorphosis in 1983, and completed translating the Czech writer's oeuvre in 2002.
He also won renown for his own original work, notably winning the Premio Jabuti for the novel Resumos de Ana (1998), and the APCA 2009 award for best essay/criticism with Kafka's Lesson.