Mogilev Governorate[a] was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Northwestern Krai of the Russian Empire.

The area of the governorate was inhabited in the 10th century by the Slav tribes of the Krivichi and Radimichi.

[1] The governorate was formed in 1772, in the aftermath of the First partition of Poland, from parts of the voivodeships of Witebsk, Mścisław, Połock and Inflanty.

In 1917, Vitebsk, Mogilev and parts of Minsk Governorate and Vilna Governorate were united into the Western District (from 1918 known as Western Komuna).

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