Moisey Lvovich Rukhimovich (Russian: Моисей Львович Рухимович; October 1889 – July 29, 1938) was a Soviet statesman and politician.

[1][2] In February – December 1917, he was a member of the Kharkov Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks), Chairman of the Military Section of the Council.

In February – April 1918, he was the People's Commissar for Military Affairs of the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic.

In 1918–1919 – Military Commissar of the Central Administration for the formation of the Red Army of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic.

The Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union sentenced him to death on July 28, 1938, was executed the next day.

Under Khrushchev, he was posthumously rehabilitated by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union on March 14, 1956.