Usually the rights to coin money are bestowed as a concession by a state or government.
In Rome the position of Triumvir Monetalis, held by three people at a time, was a minor magistracy awarded by the Senate, often the first office held by young politicians, including Marcus Aurelius.
During the Middle Ages, European moneyers created currency on behalf of kings and potentates.
[1][2][3][4] For a large part of that era, virtually all coins in circulation were silver pennies, and these often bore the name or other identification of the moneyer.
[5] In 17th century North America, John Hull acted as a moneyer for the Massachusetts Bay Colony.