Makuṭa

The makuṭa (Sanskrit: मुकुट), variously known in several languages as makuta, mahkota, magaik, mokot, mongkut or chada (see § Etymology and origins below), is a type of headdress used as crowns in the Southeast Asian monarchies of today's Cambodia and Thailand, and historically in Indonesia (Java, Sumatra, and Bali), Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Laos and Myanmar.

The Pali/ Sanskrit word makuṭa was faithfully adopted as makuta within Javanese and Balinese language to describe royal crown, and rendered as Jawi: مهکوتا and mahkota in Malay and Indonesian.

Indonesia, especially Sumatra, Java, and Bali has adopted the Hindu-Buddhist concept of kingship as early as the 4th century CE.

The typical classical Javanese Hindu-Buddhist jatamakuta is evident in numbers of statues and bas-reliefs of 9th century candis in Java, such as Mendut, Borobudur and Prambanan.

The Javanese makuta model is more faithfully modeled after the classic Indian crown, which consists of jamang or siger diadem or tiara worn on the forehead encircling the head, while the hair is arranged in a high bun, decorated with a golden ring securing the hair bun, and several golden ornaments.

[4] In modern-day Myanmar, the magaik is worn by dancers when performing classical forms of Burmese dance.

As a symbol of kingship, the Great Crown of Victory (Phra Maha Phichai Mongkut) forms part of the Regalia of Thailand.

Lalitavistara bas-relief of Borobudur describing devas (gods) wearing jatamakuta delighted listening to dharma , 9th century Java.
Group of female figures with Apsara crown in side view mokot depicted on the southern gallery of the 12th-century temple of Angkor Wat .
Group of siting female figures with tall single-spire crown depicted on the southern gallery of the 12th century temple of Angkor Wat .
Mahkota Kutai , the golden crown of Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate modelled after Javanese makuta style.
The Mahamuni Buddha image in Mandalay is crowned with a crested magaik bejewelled with diamonds, rubies and sapphires.