The move from single-tier to two-tier banking systems has been a key feature of post-communist transitions or, in the case of China, post-Mao economic reform.
The State Bank granted credit to the individuals that needed capital to meet their business's economic expectations.
[6]: 382 Under that system, the MNB had no independence from the Hungarian state and also engaged in commercial banking activities.
A two-tier banking system that focused the MNB on a monetary policy role was eventually re-introduced on 1 January 1987.
[7] This made Hungary the first full Comecon member country to move away from the single-tier system.
[8]: 361 On 12 October 1946, a government decree formally established the National Bank of the Federative People's Republic of Yugoslavia.
[11]: 747 From 1952 to 1955, Yugoslavia exhibited a pure monobank system in which the National Bank was the single financial intermediary for the entire country.