Patients of monoplegia typically feel symptoms of weakness and loss of sensation in the affected extremity, usually an arm.

In addition, chronicle progressive weakness of one leg suggests a tumor of the spinal cord of the lumbar plexus.

[2] Furthermore, a monomeric form of spinal muscular atrophy, affecting only one leg or arm, should be considered when progressive weakness is not accompanied by sensory loss.

Specifically, monoplegia in the lower extremities is typically caused by Brown Sequard syndrome and hematomas in the frontoparietal cortex near the middle that could produce a deficit such as this, but this is a very uncommon occurrence.

[4] Damage to the somatosensory cortical areas causes loss of somatosensation which results in an impaired ability to monitor movement.

[6] An approach called single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) has also been used to help diagnose motor deficits such as monoplegia.

[5] Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation provides neuropsychological feedback such as motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and central motor conduction time (CMCT).

[5] There is no cure for monoplegia, but treatments typically include physical therapy and counseling to help recover muscle tone and function.

[8] Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is specifically targeted at upper limb monoplegia as a result of a stroke.

It has been found that CIMT is more effective at specifically improving arm movement than a physiotherapy approach or no treatment at all.

Brain computer interface (BCI) systems have been proposed as a tool for rehabilitation of monoplegia, specifically in the upper limb after a stroke.

[10] BCI systems utilize different sources of information for feedback, including electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy, or electrocorticography.

It is targeted at patients who acquired monoplegia through incidents such as a spinal cord injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis, or cerebral palsy and utilizes electrical stimulation in order to cause the remaining motor units in the paralyzed muscles to contract.

For less severely affected patients, FES allows for greater improvement in range of motion than traditional physical therapy.