Monopole (company)

"Établissements SIM SA" was a company based in Morges, Switzerland that operated a foundry and machine shops.

In 1920 they used American investment capital to start another company called Établissements Monopole in Poissy on the outskirts of Paris, France.

[1][2] The new company specialised in producing pistons, piston-rings, valves, and other parts for automobile engines, and was managed by a Mr.

In 1944 Hémard installed his son-in-law Jean de Montrémy, until then working for aeronautical parts manufacturer Bronze-Avia, as Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Monopole, whose clients by then included Peugeot and Citroën.

[3] On 1 July 1963, the Perfect Circle Corporation of Hagerstown, Indiana, a maker of piston rings, became a wholly owned subsidiary of Dana Incorporated of Toledo, Ohio.

[6] As late as the end of October 1995 the Floquet Monopole name remained in use in Europe, but by the beginning of 1998 it had been phased out, and the division was known as Perfect Circle.

Efforts were focused on the small-displacement classes in endurance racing as conditions closest to what the parts would experience in normal road use.

Racing the Monopoles was to some extent a family affair, with de Montrémy and his brothers-in-law Jean and Pierre Hémard making many appearances in the cars, including at the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1950, 1951, and 1953.

In 1952 Monopole won both the Index of Performance and the eighteenth Biennial Cup for the third year in a row, making them the only manufacturer to achieve three such consecutive victories.