Montceau-les-Mines (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃so le min]) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

It is the second-largest commune of the metropolitan Communauté urbaine Creusot Montceau, which lies southwest of the city of Dijon.

The commune was officially established June 24, 1856. as Montceau-les-Mines, a community of 1300 inhabitants, drawn from a territory formed from the villages of Blanzy, Saint-Vallier, Saint-Berain-sous-Sanvignes, and Sanvignes-les-Mines.

[5][6][7][8] It has often been interpreted as a freshwater environment,[6] sometimes even in high altitude,[9] but some fossils, such as an amphinomidan annelid, [10] and 142 specimens of the xiphosuran Alanops magnificus[11] suggest some marine influence.

[12][13][14][15] In 2024, two juvenile Arthropleura specimens from the Kasimovian (~305 Ma) sediments of Montceau-les-Mines were used to study the animal's head in detail.