However, Corippus seems to have written a panegyric which wanted to praise the exploits of John Troglita and excuse for Byzantine policy in Africa.

[1] He thus minimizes Byzantine errors and assigns full responsibility for the Moorish war to Berber leader Antalas, but also recognize in fact the fault of Solomon in killing the brother of Antalas, cutting Annona subside which is a tribute for peace and therefore breaking all Foedus agreements including the non-aggression pact it allowed Antalas and the Berbers to seek revenge and also due to Sergius fault the Laguatans and many others tribes coming from Libya and even Iaudas of the Aures joined it for their own reasons even the Byzantine deserter Stotzas, this threatened the Byzantine sovereign stability in Africa and security of its inhabitants affiliated to the Byzantine authority and cities.

[4] General Belisarius's expedition quickly and without much resistance defeated the Vandals whom were severely weakened by wars with the native Berber population.

[7] Mauri or Moor was the name given to the Berbers who inhabit North Africa from the Atlantic to the Syrtic range in Tripolitania and who lived in tribal structures.

This could have been due to an exodus of imperfectly Romanized peasants fleeing Vandal power, or nomadic groups from the Sahara.

[11] In 530, the chieftain Guenfan and his son Antalas inflicted defeat on the army of the vandal king Hilderic in Byzacena, in the Battle of Great Dorsale.

Each freshly established Byzantine province in Africa was threatened by various Berber peoples, but the main kingdoms and political entities included: During the Vandalic War, the Moors remained neutral and then submitted by declaring themselves "servants of the emperor" before Belisarius.

The situation in Africa was so precarious that Justinian conceded to him the civil and military powers that were traditionally divided under the Roman administrative system since Diocletian.

Shortly after his appointment, certain Moorish tribes, including those of Iaudas and Cusina, revolted and began to ravage the territory, no doubt inspired by the fact of Belisarius's departure.

There will be mention, by the Moors, in their negotiation with Rome, that they were mistreated by the Roman power despite past engagements with Belisarius.

[18] Roman infantry and heavy cavalry were not suited to a war waged against a semi-nomadic tribe equipped with very lightly armed troops.

[19] Moorish troops were able to wage guerrilla warfare and were able to retreat from large armed engagements without suffering too great a loss.

Sergius, the nephew of Solomon and governor of Tripolitania, received a considerable delegation of Moorish leaders who complained about the plunder of their crops by the Romans.

Despite its potential to expel the Byzantines from Africa entirely, it could not succeed due to the lack of unity and common strategy among the Moors.

Among the Romans, the death of Solomon left a military and political void that only the arrival of Jean Troglita would fill.

The death of Solomon and his defeat had an impact as far as Spain, where the Visigoths took advantage of it to besiege Septimius beyond the Strait of Gibraltar.

[28] The tribes who had declared themselves faithful in Africa to Solomon, they will consider themselves released from their commitments and join the rebels, like Cutzinas.

[26] Briefly, they will succeed in taking the capital of Byzacena, Hadrumetum, by trickery before it falls again, by the same process, into Roman hands.

It is essential for them to graze their herds during the rainy season in their country which extends November to early summer.

The goal of the Moors in the interior, on the contrary, is above all to place themselves in a better position of strength against the empire in the territories they occupy.

Antalas, however, will have more ambition when the balance of power is in its favor by wanting to create a Romano-Berber state like its neighbor by demanding from the governor to become king of Byzacena.

Solomon's death at Cillium caused Justinian to appoint Sergius, who at the time was a civil and military governor of all of Africa.

The measure was to honor Solomon and Sergius is hated by the Berbers due to the Leptis Magna massacre.

However, his army was completely destroyed when John's messengers failed to reach him to inform him that the rallying point was already occupied by the enemy.

Although it was taken over by the Romans thanks to a ruse by the local inhabitants, the Moorish leaders were now under the walls of Carthage and could plunder Africa as they pleased.

Guntharic is overthrown by Artabanes, an Armenian officer, but he prefers to return to Constantinople rather than assume the title of magister militum of Africa that Justinian grants him.

The 2nd Moor insurrection and military anarchy finally ended with the appointment of John Troglita, a capable and experienced general, to the post of magister militum of Africa.

Troglita entered their territory, too, not just to expel them, but to weaken them and reduce to nothing the great military danger they pose to Africa.

[30] Troglita distinguished himself by his boldness during all the campaigns by penetrating deeply into Berber territories and not being discouraged by defeats.

Africa, covered with fortifications, and the Moors still disunited, will however hardly remain in the hands of the Byzantines until the Muslim conquest.