Mordechai Bar-On (Hebrew: מרדכי בר-און; 26 December 1928 – 7 March 2021) was an Israeli historian, Chief Education Officer of the Israel Defense Forces and politician, serving as a member of the Knesset for Ratz from 1984 to 1986.

Born in Tel Aviv during the Mandate era, Bar-On was a member of the IDF's first officer training course in 1948.

After leaving the IDF, he worked for the Jewish Agency for Israel, heading its Youth and Pioneering Department until 1977.

[1] Bar-On later became one of the leaders of the Peace Now movement, and was elected to the Knesset in 1984 on the Ratz list.

However, he resigned from the Knesset on 26 November 1986, and was replaced by David Zucker.