[1] He then undertook postgraduate studies at Berlin and Vienna (he must have been competent in German).
Around 1865 he returned to the University of Edinburgh, working as a Demonstrator in the Anatomy classes, and as assistant to William Turner.
In 1873 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
[2] Aged 29 he 1874 he moved to Manchester to take on the role of Professor of Descriptive and Practical Anatomy at Owen's College.
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