Morteza Mohammadkhan (Persian: مرتضی محمدخان; 1 January 1946 – 5 November 2022) was an Iranian politician and economist who was Minister of Finance from 1993 to 1997 in Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani's second cabinet.

Mohammadkhan was the founder of the first Islamic Association of Students abroad, including those along the Ruhollah Khomeini in Paris.

He is one of the survivors of Hafte Tir bombing which led to the death of Mohammad Beheshti, IRP's secretary-general.

After Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani was reelected as President in 1993, Mohammadkhan was nominated by him as Minister of Finance.

He was one of the founders of Moderation and Development Party and was latterly Vice President of Center for Strategic Research.