Moscow (/ˈmɒskoʊ/ MOS-koh) is a city in Stevens County, Kansas, United States.

A postal clerk in Washington, upon receipt of their petition, being in a helpful spirit, and thinking the hay-seeds in the west did not know their spelling, added a "w" to the name, changing it to Moscow.

[5] The first post office in Moscow was established on April 28, 1888, when it was moved from Valparaiso (now ghost town), which was located approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) southeast of Moscow.

[4] For the first time in the US Census the placename "Moscow" in Stevens County appeared in 1890, though not as a city but as a township.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.18 square miles (0.47 km2), all of it land.

[8] The town is located in southwest Kansas in the Rolling Cropland and Range region of the Great Plains.

The 2020 United States census counted 272 people, 99 households, and 85 families in Moscow.

9.1% of households consisted of individuals and 4.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

14.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

28.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

About 7.9% of families and 7.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.6% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

The Moscow Wildcats[24] won the Kansas State High School 8-Man football championship in 1978.

The Cimarron Valley Railroad (CVR) parallels Route 56 and crosses the county from northeast to southwest.