Moses Kimball Armstrong (September 19, 1832 – January 11, 1906) was an American surveyor who served as a delegate from Dakota Territory to the United States House of Representatives.

He attended the Huron Institute in Milan and Western Reserve College in Cleveland, Ohio, then moved to the Minnesota Territory in 1856.

When Minnesota was admitted to the Union, Armstrong moved to Yankton, Dakota Territory, then a small Native American village.

Continuing as a surveyor, he established the great meridian and standard lines for United States surveys in southern Dakota and in the northern Red River Valley.

Armstrong was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1874, and moved to St. James, Watonwan County, Minnesota, where he engaged in banking and in real estate.