Moshe Nathanson (August 10, 1899 - February 24, 1981) was a Canadian musicologist, composer, and cantor who is known for promoting Jewish folk music.

When Nathanson was ten, he was sent to study at Bet Sefer Lemell, an elementary school in Jerusalem.

The school choir was run by Abraham Zvi Idelsohn, who challenged his students to select words for a nigun and create a modern Hebrew song.

[5] Nathanson began his career in 1924 when he joined The Society for the Advancement of Judaism (SAJ) as their cantor during the tenure of Rabbi Mordecai M. Kaplan.

partook in many educational programs to promote Israeli folk and worked for The Bureau of Jewish Education and focused on teaching Jewish youth about their culture and heritage through song and worked as the musical director of The Kvutzah and Camp Achva.