Moshe Rachmilevitz (Hebrew: משה רחמילביץ; 1898–1985) was an Israeli doctor and was one of the fathers of professional medicine in Israel.

Rachmilewitz was born to a Jewish family[1] in 1898 in Mstislavl (now in Belarus), then part of the Russian Empire, and grew up in the city of Babruysk.

In 1926, he immigrated to Mandate Palestine and began working at Bikur Holim Hospital in Jerusalem.

He was among the first heads of medical school at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, serving as dean of the faculty from 1958 to 1961.

He was married to Chava (née Pomerantz) and had two sons, Daniel and Eliezer, both of whom are professors of medicine.