Caterpillar Inc. located its Technical Research Center (Tech Center) in Mossville in the 1960s, and subsequently put production facilities (the Mossville plant, most of which no longer exists, due to Caterpillar relocating these facilities/jobs) there as well.

Caterpillar Electronics as well as the global mining technologies research and development are also located at Mossville.

A co-operated Ameren/Caterpillar generation plant and a small industrial park also sits near the factories.

Mossville Junior High and Elementary School is part of Illinois Valley Central Unit District 321.

The small post office, next to the Marathon gas station, does not have delivery routes.