The province was named so for being in the Cordillera Central mountain range found in the upper realms of Luzon island.

From 1566 to 1665, they sent expeditions to conquer the land but the rugged terrain and hostile indigenous population at the time were major obstacles to complete subjugation.

[11] Formerly called La Montañosa by the Spanish colonizers due to its mountainous terrain,[7][12] the area was subdivided into 6 comandancias politico-militar.

Lepanto was also reduced in size and its towns were integrated into the sub-provinces of Bontoc and Benguet, and to the province of Ilocos Sur.

[9][12] Mountain Province would have been significantly affected by the Chico River Dam Project during the Marcos administration, as the Marcos regime's project would have flooded the municipalities of Sabangan, Sagada, Sadanga, Bontoc, Bauko, and parts of Barlig.

[21] Mountain Province covers a total area of 2,157.38 square kilometers (832.97 sq mi)[22] occupying the central section of the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon.

The province is bordered on the north by Kalinga, east by Isabela, south by Ifugao, southwest by Benguet, west by Ilocos Sur, and northwest by Abra.

The central and western areas of the province are characterized by rugged mountains and steep cliffs, while the eastern portion has generally sloping terrain.

[citation needed] Other groups include Members Church of God International (MCGI), Seventh-Day Adventist Church, Iglesia Filipina Indepiendente, Iglesia ni Cristo has 3% of the Listing Members in the province and Free Believers in Christ Fellowship.