Philippine literature
The According to journalist Nena Jimenez, the most common and consistent element of Philippine literature is its short and quick yet highly interpersonal sentences, with themes of family, dogmatic love, and persistence.
Ilocano used an improvised, versified, and at times impromptu, long epic poem called a dallot, delivered and narrated in a song-like manner.
[5] Other forms of literature written by pre-colonial Ilocano were songs (kankanta), dances (salsala), poems (dandaniw), riddles (burburtia), proverbs (pagsasao), and lamentations (dung-aw).
Other traditional Filipino epics by other ethnicities include the Hudhud ni Aliguyon of the Ifugao, Hinilawod of Panay, Ibalon from Bicol, and Darangen of the Maranao.
One of the most influential Spanish-language Filipino newspaper also include El Renacimiento (1901), printed in Manila by members of the Guerrero de Ermita family until the 1940s.
These include the works of Ilustrados like Pedro Alejandro Paterno, who wrote the first novel written by a Filipino, Nínay (1885);[14] Graciano López Jaena and later on by Marcelo H. del Pilar, who edited and published the pro-Filipino newspaper La Solidaridad (1889);[15] and the Philippine national hero, José Rizal, who wrote two famous novels in Spanish, Noli Me Tángere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891).
The Philippine revolution brought a wave of nationalistic literary works, with propagandists and revolutionaries advocating for Filipino representation or independence from Spanish authority.
Illustrados like Pedro Alejandro Paterno, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Jose Rizal contributed to the development of Philippine literature.
Compared to the more rigid literature of the Spanish era, the American period saw the popularity of the "free verse" in the Philippines, allowing for flexible poetry, prose, and other wordcraft.
The most well-known was Manuel Arguilla and his anthology How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife and Other Short Stories (1940), which won first prize in the Commonwealth Literary Contest.
During this time, there was also a resurgence of interest in Filipino mythology and folklore, and many works concerning them would be published, with the most well-known being the many anonymous stories about the folk character Juan Tamad (1919).
[20][21] Carlos Bulosan, in particular, published the novel America Is In The Heart (1946), which became one of the earliest glimpses and representations of the life of Asian-American immigrants in the West.
Many Filipino comic books, strips, and graphic novels soared in popularity, making names of writers and artists like Pablo S. Gomez, Mars Ravelo, Francisco V. Coching, Carlo J. Caparas and Gilda Olvidado.
[25] The last decade and a half of the 20th century, after the ouster of the Marcos dictatorship by the civilian-led People Power Revolution of 1986, was characterized by rapid social and technological change, as Filipinos gained more access to the rest of the world.
Some of the notable fiction from this period was strongly influenced by magic realism, including the works of César Ruiz Aquino, Alfred Yuson, and poet-fictionist Mario Gamalinda.
One of the most famous is Ivy Alvarez, a Filipino-Australian who gained acclaim for her collection of poets entitled Disturbance (2013), which contained themes of domestic abuse.
