[6] The MOP also had other publications, including La Famille, a party paper focused on issues such as parental guidance, gender questions, and child rearing.

[7] The MOP was officially formed as a political party on 13 May 1946,[5] and its founders were Daniel Fignolé, a teacher; François Duvalier, a physician; and Clovis Désinor, an economist.

[6] According to Smith, the MOP initials originated from an English word, implying 'sweeping out of the old order in Haitian politics', later becoming an acronym for Mouvement Ouvrier Paysan.

[10] The MOP's initial core group consisted of Fignolé's supporters, including his former students, along with political figures like Lorimer Denis.

[11] Eventually, the MOP party joined forces with a progressive coalition and supported the candidacy of Démosthènes Pétrus Calixte,[12] a former Garde commander implicated in a plot to overthrow Vincent's government.

During his brief stint in Estimé's cabinet, Fignolé used his position to establish the MOP as a 'well-tuned and formidable force'[16] - later resigning in October 1946 after disagreements with Rigaud.

[16] The MOP underwent a significant split in 1947, sparked by Fignolé's approach toward the Estimé government,[2] leading to Duvalier and Denis's exit from the party.

[11] A new MOP bureau was formed in 1948 following the split, with Fignolé remaining as party president and featuring Michel Roumain and Arnold Hérard.

[29] Fignolé's presidency lasted only nineteen days, ending abruptly when Antonio Kébreau's military coup forced him into exile in June.

[30] The Haitian army held a contentious election months later, disqualifying Fignolé as a candidate and securing Duvalier's victory amid allegations of fraud.

[32] The MOP was revitalized under Gérard Philippe Auguste's leadership,[32] registering on October 22, 1986, and gaining official recognition as a political party in April 1987.

[37] During the 1990 Haitian protest movement, the MOP joined an 11-party coalition to negotiate Avril's resignation and establish a provisional government, led by a Supreme Court member and advised by a Council of State.