Movsum Mardan oghlu Samadov (Azerbaijani: Mövsüm Mərdan oğlu Səmədov; born September 4, 1966) is an Azerbaijani doctor, theologian, and sociopolitical figure who led the Islamist movement in Azerbaijan.

[1][5][6] His wife Mehpara Samadova participated in the international conference on "Islamic Awakening and Women" held on July 11, 2012, under the chairmanship of Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and read a poem dedicated to Khamenei which was written by their daughter Zahra Samadova in Persian.

[1][3] On January 2, 2011, at the meeting of the General Assembly of the Islamic Party of Azerbaijan, Movsum Samadov criticized the government about their abuses of human rights, their corruption and bribery, their methods of solving the Karabakh conflict, their pressure on Islam and Islamists, and the hijab ban.

The 13-day prison sentence ended on January 20, 2011, during which he was detained at the Main Organized Crime Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

[10] By the decision of the Baku Court of Serious Crimes dated October 7, 2011, M. Samadov was sentenced to 12 years in prison according to the provisions for which he was accused.

[1] On December 12, 2019, the European Court of Human Rights announced its decision regarding Movsum Samadov's complaint to them.

In the decision, the violation of M. Samadov's rights was recognized and Azerbaijan was ordered to pay him 4,000 euros in compensation.

[17] A documentary-biographical narrative "Season of Mortals" was written about him, compiled and edited by Arzu Eyvazov.