[7] Ibn Battuta, the famous traveler and jurist from Morocco, wrote in his book about his time at the Sultan's court.

[15] In 1327, Tughluq ordered to move his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad (also known as Devagiri) (in present-day Maharashtra) in the Deccan region of India.

Muhammad bin Tughlaq himself had spent a number of years as a prince on campaign in the southern states during the reign of his father.

[12] The new capital was divided into wards called mohalla with separate quarters for different people like soldiers, poets, judges, and nobles Grants were also given by Tughluq to the immigrants.

[21] While on his way to suppress the rebellion, there was an outbreak of bubonic plague at Bidar due to which Tughluq himself became ill, and many of his soldiers died.

Fearing that the sultanate's northern borders were exposed to attacks, in 1335, he decided to shift the capital back to Delhi, forcing the citizens to return to their previous city.

[12] In 1333, Muhammad Bin Tughlaq led the Qarachil expedition to the Kullu-Kangra region of modern-day Himachal Pradesh in India.

Historians like Badauni and Ferishta wrote that Tughluq originally wanted to cross the Himalayas and invade China.

Dharm Chand of the Hindu Rajput kingdom of Katoch clan of Kangra defeated the army of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq which was not able to fight in the hills.

While Rana Hammir Singh liberated the strategic Rajputana following the victory in Battle of Singoli in 1336,[24] Harihara and Bukka established a new empire called Vijayanagara Empire, by initially defeating and later ending Madurai Sultanate that was ruling the city of Madurai and its environs of South India on behalf of Delhi Sultanate.

One of his generals, an Afghan or Turk Muslim named Hasan Gangu,[25][26][27] would go on to form the Bahmani Sultanate in the Deccan during the Rebellion of Ismail Mukh.

[28] Historian Ishwari Prasad writes that different coins of different shapes and sizes were produced by his mints which lacked the artistic perfection of design and finish.

Historian Ziauddin Barani felt that this step was taken by Tughluq as he wanted to annex all the inhabited areas of the world for which a treasury was required to pay the army.

[15] Ibn Battuta mentions that the king of China (the Yuan Emperor) had sent an embassy to Muhammad for reconstruction of a sacked temple at Sambhal.

The envoys were however denied with the statement that only those living in a Muslim territory who paid the jizya could be permitted to restore a temple.

According to 19th century CE British historian Stanley Lane-Poole, apparently courtesans had hailed Tughluq as a "man of knowledge" and had an interest in subjects like philosophy, medicine, mathematics, religion, Persian and Urdu/Hindustani poetry.

In his "Medieval India", "He was perfect in the humanities of his day, a keen student of Persian poetry ... a master of style, supremely eloquent in an age of rhetoric, a philosopher trained in Logic and Greek metaphysics, with whom scholars feared to argue, a mathematician and lover of science.

[additional citation(s) needed] Critics have called him hasty in nature, owing to most of his experiments failing due to lack of preparation.

Ibn Battuta has also written that he depended on his own judgment and rarely took advice from others and has also criticized him for his giving of excessive gifts and "harsh punishments".